There are many common misconceptions about what makes for an ideal graduate student and a strong application. Though websites outline the admission requirements, including GPA, test scores, and other objective criteria, those are only the rudimentary foundations for admittance. In truth, graduate admission evaluation is much more subjective and holistic and involves a deeper look beyond academic performance.
The characteristics of a favorable graduate application are often vague. Beyond the few mandated university requirements, students are often asked for various supplemental materials like a portfolio, résumé, test scores, recommendations, essays, and interviews. I’ve seen many outstanding academic performers denied admission due to their overall attitude, lack of preparation, and poor presentation of themselves in supplemental materials. With highly selective programs, grad schools want those students with drive, compassion, and other important skills. While certain standards for admission are difficult to discern from GPA and test scores, they can be recognized through various supplemental materials. So, what do graduate admission professionals want to see in your application as a successful future student?
1. Academic background
When committees review applications, they look for a student who is academically sound and prepared for graduate-level courses. Many probe into the transcript looking for grades in key courses pertinent to the graduate program. Reviewers examine the range of coursework and whether a student has gone beyond what was minimally required or has successfully completed difficult courses. Philosophies of standardized test scores as success indicators vary. Depending on the program, emphasis may be placed on just one variable of a test score.
Related: Grad School Search: Solutions for a Low Undergrad GPA
2. Writing skills
Personal statements and essays are crucial instruments in determining the writing aptitude of an applicant. For many evaluators, writing samples outweigh GPA, GREs, and even letters of recommendation. With any written requirements, emphasis is placed not only on what is written but also how well it is written. These samples help to ascertain if the applicant is ready for graduate-level work and has a command of the English language. Importance is placed on organized, clear, and thoughtful writing using correct grammar, spelling, and structure.
3. Inquisitive and original thinking
A graduate student needs to have the ability to ask questions appropriate to their discipline. This scholarly inquisitiveness emerges in written materials, interviews, and communications with the program. Faculty are looking for students who have clear, specific, and even novel research directions that intrigue their interest and curiosity. You also don’t want to get caught regurgitating research you’ve read from others or things you’ve found on the internet. It’s easy for our brains to store information and later think it was our own idea. So be sure you’re being authentic in every aspect of your application.
4. Clearly defined goals
A strong personal statement that tells a story and articulates your individuality will intrigue an admission committee. They already assume a student is pursuing a degree to advance their career; what they want to see is someone with a clear vision, who can identify how the specific program is going to help them reach their long-term goals. Outline how you’d like to make a change in your field or a research project idea you have that would be great to pursue through your program. Be as specific as you can when expressing the ways this program will help you so you in turn can progress the work being done in your field.
5. A good fit
Though ambiguous, one of the biggest considerations in an admission evaluation is “fit.” Faculty reviewers look for applicants whose interests and goals best complement the strengths of the department. For example, if applying to a research-intensive program, communicate an intended line of research that aligns with faculty expertise. How do you improve your “fit”? Do your homework! Investigate the research and teaching interests of the faculty and become familiar with the dissertations currently in progress. The essay and interview become venues for you to explain why that particular program, at that particular university, working on that particular research, with that particular faculty is paramount to reaching your professional goals.
Related: Important Considerations to Help You Find the Right Graduate Program
6. Time management and organization
Time management and organization are musts as a graduate student. How an applicant displays these skills throughout the application process impacts the admission decision. Submitting all materials in a timely fashion is imperative. Double-check that reference letters and transcripts were sent and received. If ever you are uncertain about deadlines, requirements, or other steps, contact the program for clarity.
7. Ability to follow directions
Admission into graduate school is competitive—don’t miss out on getting admission into your top school on a technicality due to overlooking simple mistakes. Make sure to answer all questions in an application and include all required documents. Follow the instructions as written, double-check your work, and edit your full application a couple of times. Also, be concise and thorough! Answering the questions as asked is better than trying to say more than you need to.
8. Intrinsic motivation
Graduate programs are looking for applicants who are self-motivated and can initiate their own opportunities. Describe your post-school experiences that prove dedication to a particular discipline. Talk about personal projects you’ve worked on or initiatives you’ve taken at work beyond your required responsibilities. Anything that shows your dedication to the things you’re passionate about should be included on your résumé or in your applications.
9. Invested in the process
Faculty value the attainment of education and the pursuit of the degree in itself. Students who demonstrate a shared value and aren’t just focused on the end result bode well. Likewise, students should make admission the priority and not focus on securing a graduate assistantship position. It's disconcerting when applicants ask for information on available positions before they have applied or inquired about the program.
Related: The Ultimate Guide to Graduate School Applications
10. Relevant professional experiences
Admission committees are looking for post-school experiences that prove dedication to your field, such as internships, volunteer work, international travel, research, conference presentations, or a job in a related industry, if not the industry itself. And don’t just list them and leave them. Include succinct descriptions of what kind of skills you had to use for the position and what you learned or how you grew from having the experience. Grad programs want to know not only that you’re experienced but that you reflect on your experiences for self-development.
11. Unique and individual character
I’ve often heard deans say, “We want interesting people, not just smart people, in our program.” Again, writing samples and interviews are your opportunity to reveal who you are and your distinctive qualities not apparent in test scores or grades. Universities look for exceptional students who express creativity, determination, diversity, and thoughtfulness. Describe what makes you different, determined, and an asset to the program. Committees want to hear about invigorating experiences, perspectives, or skill sets that you can contribute to the enterprise.
12. Articulation
If an admission interview is required, don’t take it lightly! You are being evaluated by everything that comes out of your mouth. Be prepared. It is extremely important to know about the school and program, including faculty and their research focus. You may not know what questions will be asked of you ahead of time, but you will be strongly evaluated on what questions you ask. Don’t ask about surface-level info that can be answered from the school’s website; ask thoughtful and engaging questions.
13. Credibility
Letters of recommendation are submitted to validate qualifications. Choose your recommendation writers carefully, among individuals who have worked with you in a professional or academic setting. Having a “prestigious” reference is great in theory, but it doesn't carry much weight if they can't speak directly to your ability to do graduate-level work or your critical-thinking skills. Some admission evaluators briefly scan letters for specific words. But negativity in recommendation letters raises major red flags.
Related: Important Things to Know About Grad School References
The landscape of 20th-century graduate education has evolved, increasing in intensity, rigor, and competitiveness. There is no foolproof recipe for the application evaluation process. A good GPA is no guarantee of admission. Applicants must demonstrate that they can go beyond what is required, because when it comes down to it, “going beyond” is an intrinsic part of graduate study. It is far more powerful and relevant to show that significant challenges can be faced with self-direction, a commitment to the goals of the scholarly enterprise, and the desire to succeed.
For more helpful advice like this to get you through the grad admission process, check out our Graduate School section.
